How Solar Works

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) cells made from silicon. When light strikes the cell it dislodges electrons, creating a flow of direct current (DC).

That DC passes through an inverter, which converts it to alternating current (AC) — the form your appliances use. Any surplus electricity flows to the grid and you are paid for it through the Smart Export Guarantee.

What happens on cloudy days?

Panels still generate on overcast days, just at reduced output. The UK receives enough solar irradiance that a typical 4kWp system produces 3,400–4,200 kWh per year — roughly matching the average household's annual electricity use.

The main components

• Panels — mounted on the roof, south-facing where possible
• Inverter — converts DC to AC; usually fitted in a loft, utility room, or garage
• Generation and export meter — records how much you produce and export
• Battery (optional) — stores excess generation for use after dark

How the grid connection works

You stay grid-connected throughout. When panels generate more than you need, electricity flows to the grid. When generation is low — overnight or on dark days — you draw from the grid as normal. There is no manual switching between sources.

Systems above 3.68kW require a G98 or G99 notification to your Distribution Network Operator before installation. This is handled by your installer as part of the standard process.